Construction waste is the product of social development, and it also perplexes the healthy development of society. In China, a developing country with rapid development, the production rate of construction waste is very large. Although we have begun to find solutions to construction waste and have made good progress, we need to promote the construction waste resource more deeply and make it more efficient.
"The construction waste is resourced, and the country is beneficial to the people"
In terms of the treatment and reuse of construction waste, Germany in Europe, Japan in Asia and Singapore are at the forefront. In Germany, people know that once the garbage is used well, garbage is also a resource; in Japan, the classification of "construction by-products" is more than 20, which is treated scientifically according to the category; Singapore pays attention to the development of green building standards to reduce the production of construction waste from the source.
The change of "garbage mountain" in Germany reflects the thinking transformation in garbage disposal
Hamburg is an artificial mountain on the Bank of the Yibei River, covered by green trees, and the white wind turbine blades rotate slowly. Who can imagine that decades ago, this was a yard of rubble bombed by World War II buildings, and since then used to pile up industrial waste and urban waste.
Since the 1980s, the government has covered the garbage mountain with plastic waterproof film, and laid the thickest 3 meters of soil layer and planted vegetation. Biogas generated by waste are collected and converted into some of the electricity sources of a nearby copper refinery. In 2011, 8000 square meters of photovoltaic power generation system was installed on the garbage mountain, and the higher power wind turbine replaced the old one. The electricity generated by both can meet the annual demand of 4000 households. The waste water from waste is also collected to heat the office. In addition, a 1000 meter corridor has been built on the top of the mountain, which is the latest place for people to enjoy the panorama of Hamburg. Garbage mountain becomes the energy hill of Hamburg, and the landscape park of the citizens.
The present and the past of Hamburg garbage mountain reflects the transformation of German thinking on waste disposal. Major German cities were bombarded by allied forces in World War II, with buildings damaged by more than 80 percent in Berlin and Dresden. Reconstruction requires a lot of construction materials, but Germany is in a state of waste and unable to produce. In such cases, most of the construction waste is recycled except for a few of the building debris that cannot be disposed of. The reconstruction experience has fostered Germany's recognition of garbage, that is, once it is used well, garbage is also a resource.
According to German law, every responsible person in the construction waste production chain needs to reduce the waste and recycle. Building materials manufacturers must design products more environmentally friendly and recycled. For example, production of different lengths of plates, avoid future re cutting. The construction contractor (including engineers, architects) must incorporate waste recycling into the construction plan. For example, recycled building materials are used. The responsibility of the house demolition engineering company is the most important. The law requires that their demolition must be conducive to the recycling of construction waste. In the fierce market competition, demolition companies often get contracts from owners at very low or even zero prices. Then they make money by breaking down, recycling and selling construction waste. This policy arrangement forces construction contractors and demolition contractors to maximize the protection of construction materials from contamination, as this will not only lead to a reduction in their earnings, but also will need to pay for landfill or incineration in the future.
At present, Germany is one of the best countries in the construction waste recycling, with a recycling rate of 87%.
Japan's laws dealing with different types of "by-products of construction" are also different
Japan has divided the "construction by-products" into more than 20 categories, and the laws applicable to different kinds of by-products are different. For example, weeds are treated according to general garbage, wood and construction sludge are treated according to construction waste, metal and other industrial wastes are treated according to industrial waste, toxic and harmful substances such as asbestos, fluorescent lamp transformer and other toxic and harmful substances are treated according to special management of industrial waste, while construction waste soil is not classified into garbage.
Reducing the production and reuse of construction site waste is the main principle of Japanese construction waste treatment. According to the "promotion outline for proper treatment of construction by-products", the employer and the Construction Party of the construction project are obliged to reduce the production of construction by-products during the construction process. The building materials suppliers and designers are obliged to produce and adopt the renewable building materials. The construction by-products that can be reused shall be reused as much as possible; the construction by-products that can not be reused shall be recycled as much as possible; for the by-products that cannot be recycled, the heat recovery shall be realized through combustion as much as possible.
Japan has strict process management on the production, classification and treatment of construction waste. The construction team shall submit to the headquarters of the construction company a detailed plan for the estimation, classification reuse and final treatment of the wastes that may be generated by the project, and the results report shall be kept for 5 years. If an enterprise produces more than 1000 tons of industrial waste in the last year, it must submit the plan of waste reduction to the local dudaofu county magistrate before June 30 of that year.
According to the survey of Ministry of land and transportation, by the end of 2012, the re resource of construction waste in Japan reached 96%, of which the rate of concrete Re-resource was 99.3%.
Limited land space in Singapore forces the government to improve its recycling rate
According to the data of Singapore national environmental administration, the total amount of construction waste produced in this country in 2014 was 12697 million tons, of which 1.26 million tons were recycled, and the recovery rate reached 99%.
For construction waste recycling plants, the Singapore environmental authority also supports it by leasing land, which accounts for 80 to 90 per cent of all construction waste recycling in Singapore. In order to maximize the recycling of construction waste, the Singapore government has also issued code of conduct for demolition, which is a set of procedure guidelines to help the demolition contractors better plan the demolition procedures.
Singapore focuses on reducing waste generation from its source, and related government measures include green and elegant builders' plans and green building signs plans. The former is a certification program launched in 2009, which scores construction practitioners from many aspects, such as employee management, dust and noise control, and public safety. The latter started in 2005, and the certification was designed for buildings in tropical areas, aiming at assessing the negative impact of buildings on the environment and rewarding their sustainable development performance. The indicators included energy saving, water saving, environmental protection, indoor environmental quality and other green features and innovation.
Shanghai Jianye has enough confidence in the market prospect of construction waste resource. In 2013, we established our own new green building materials business department, and made in-depth research on the recycling application of construction waste, and passed numerous experimental demonstration. The construction waste resource is a big plan to benefit the country and the people. We need to be vigilant and work together.
